By Uche Usim
The Nigeria Sovereign Investment Authority (NSIA) has reported a significant slump in its 2025 financial performance, with profit plunging by 91% as the impact of previous foreign exchange windfalls faded and underlying investment income softened.
In its 2025 Special Purpose US Dollar Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements, the Authority’s profit fell to $107.03 million from a staggering $1.24 billion recorded in 2024.
The sharp reversal highlights how much NSIA’s prior earnings were buoyed by macroeconomic distortions—particularly exchange rate movements—rather than sustained operational growth.
Established to manage excess crude oil revenues on behalf of the Federal Government, NSIA has long played a stabilisation role in Nigeria’s financial architecture.
However, the latest results show a significant recalibration in earnings, reflecting both structural changes and the unwinding of exceptional gains recorded in the previous year.
A closer look at the figures reveals a broad-based decline in income and profitability metrics. Total operating income dropped sharply to $137.97 million in 2025 from $1.3 billion in 2024.
Similarly, operating profit fell to $127.8 million from $1.2 billion, underscoring the scale of the contraction.
Interestingly, not all revenue lines declined. Interest income rose to $197.34 million from $177.88 million, while core operating income improved slightly to $349.07 million from $328.54 million.
These gains, however, were not enough to offset the collapse in non-core income streams.
Net non-core operating expenses swung significantly to -$211.1 million from a positive $974.74 million the previous year, reflecting a reversal of extraordinary gains.
Meanwhile, investment income also dipped to $18.07 million from $23.71 million, further compounding the downturn.
On the balance sheet, NSIA showed relative resilience. Total assets increased to $3.42 billion from $2.88 billion, while total equity rose to $3.4 billion from $2.84 billion.
Government contributions also climbed to $2.06 billion from $1.82 billion, indicating continued public sector backing. Retained earnings improved slightly to $5.05 billion, though the foreign currency translation reserve remained deeply negative at -$3.7 billion.
The 2025 decline is largely attributable to the absence of extraordinary gains that defined 2023 and 2024.
In 2024, NSIA benefited significantly from a massive $566.9 million foreign exchange gain, driven by the sharp devaluation of the naira. This movement boosted the dollar value of its naira-denominated assets, delivering a substantial windfall.
However, with the naira stabilising in 2025, that advantage evaporated. The Authority instead recorded FX losses of $214.2 million, reversing the gains of the previous year.
Similarly, FX-linked collateralised securities, one of NSIA’s key high-performing instruments, collapsed from $407.9 million in gains in 2024 to just $3.1 million in 2025, a swing of over $400 million.
Beyond currency effects, other investment lines also weakened. Equity-method investments shifted from a $28.4 million gain to a $7.2 million loss, marking a $35.5 million deterioration. This suggests that some of NSIA’s portfolio companies faced headwinds in the broader economic environment.
Agriculture, which had previously contributed meaningfully to revenue, was another major casualty.
The Authority recorded zero agriculture infrastructure operating revenue in 2025, compared to $76.42 million in 2024. According to NSIA, this was a result of a strategic transition.
At the NSIA Earnings Presentation and Media Parley on Thursday, April 2, 2026, the Authority explained its decision to exit the Presidential Fertiliser Initiative (PFI).
“As part of its planned exit from the Presidential Fertiliser Initiative (PFI), and in line with the market-driven Phase II model, NSIA successfully completed the phased transfer of operatorship to the Ministry of Finance Incorporated (MoFI) between 2024 and 2025.
“This transition impacted agriculture infrastructure revenues but aligns with NSIA’s strategic goal of promoting long-term sustainability and deepening private sector participation across the fertiliser value chain,” the statement added.
The shift is a wider strategic repositioning, with NSIA aiming to focus on core investment activities while enabling greater private sector participation in previously government-led programmes.
NSIA’s financial performance has been heavily influenced by macroeconomic conditions, particularly exchange rate volatility.
In 2022, before major currency adjustments, the Authority posted a more modest but stable performance, with total operating income of N101.1 billion and profit of N102.4 billion.
The following year, 2023, marked an extraordinary spike. The unification and floating of the naira triggered a surge in foreign exchange gains, which reached N537.3 billion.
Combined with fair value gains of N544.2 billion, these accounted for N1.08 trillion of the N1.18 trillion total operating income.
Profit surged to N1.185 trillion, largely driven by macroeconomic shifts rather than underlying operational strength.
In 2024, NSIA continued to ride the wave of post-devaluation gains, with FX-related income and investment returns remaining elevated.
However, the foundation for a reversal had already begun to form as global economic pressures and currency stabilisation set in.
By 2025, that reversal was fully realised. With the absence of FX-driven gains and the emergence of losses, NSIA’s earnings reverted closer to underlying operational realities. The result is a sobering 91% decline in profit, underscoring the extent to which prior performance was influenced by external financial conditions rather than sustainable income streams.
While the Authority remains financially strong on the balance sheet, the 2025 results signal a transition phase, one that may redefine its investment strategy, risk exposure, and long-term return profile in the years ahead.
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